404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f131fb6b)
, 404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f134da70)
, 404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f139afe6)
-werbler.com
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f131fb6b)
, 404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f134da70)
, 404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f139afe6)
-werbler.com"/> 404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f131fb6b)
, 404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f134da70)
, 404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f139afe6)
"/> 后山:“洛邑”和“成周”是一个地方吗?_搜狐网 404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f131fb6b)
, 404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f134da70)
, 404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f139afe6)
" />

404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f131fb6b)


后山:“洛邑”和“成周”是一个地方吗?

后山:洛邑和成周是一个地方吗?

后山:洛邑和成周是一个地方吗?

404 — Error

404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f13e4430)

404 — Error

404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f140d762)

404 — Error
404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f142cb69)

404 — Error

404
Sorry! That page cannot be found…
The URL was either incorrect, you took a wrong guess or there is a technical problem. - No brand config for domain(69d56f14520fc)

题图取自宋代《六经碑记》,叫做《周营洛邑图》,该图具体标示了东周王室之东京“王城”和“洛邑”的位置情况,可作为参照之一种。

西周的都城在今天的西安市长安区,历史上叫“镐京”。它有两个片区,一在沣水西岸,叫“丰”,一在沣水东岸,叫“镐”,合起来、又叫“丰镐”。

周人自己,称呼关中的镐京曰“宗周”。

《诗经·大雅·文王有声》说:“考卜维王,宅是镐京”。丰京,宗庙,镐京,周王之所居也。

东周的都城在今天的洛阳,也是两个片区,一个在今天的偃师区,叫“洛邑”,一个在今天的西工区,叫“王城”。

周人自己,称呼洛阳的王城曰“成周”。

“洛邑”,最初是劳改农场。周朝灭商之后,用来安置商朝的遗老遗少——“殷商顽民”,集中管控,熄灭可能翻盘的火种。具体地讲,洛邑位于今天白马寺以东首阳山以西的古偃师地方。

商人常称自己在西亳的地盘为“大邑”、“大邑商”,周人当然不愿尊其为“大”,顺手修正其为“洛邑”了。

“王城”,是周朝宗室和贵族的驻地,在今天的洛阳市西工区,王城公园和王城广场所在地都是其重要区域,王城广场的重要发掘成果是天子驾六车马坑。

武王灭商之后,在洛阳以东“偃师息戎”,改编野战军为生产建设兵团,然后回师镐京,周武王姬发即考虑在东方中原营建“陪都”。可惜姬发不久即成仁宾天,接着是周公姬旦借口周成王姬诵年幼,自己赤膊上台,代君摄政。

三位“监视殷商顽民”的周朝宗室亲王,管叔、蔡叔和霍叔,封驻在关东中原,他们强烈谴责周公“篡权”,联络中原和东夷的商朝遗民,起兵讨伐,引致“周公东征”。

《诗经·国风·豳风·东山》在侧面形象地记述了这场“平叛”战争。

周公的远征军,常常粮草不继,饥寒交迫,在风雨泥水中转战不休,狼狈不堪,将士们没想到会如此旷日持久,思乡怀土,喘不过气来,喜爱文学创作的战士,坐在石头上,以手中的笔,记下了他们的悲怆情怀。

费了三年工夫,周公终于平定了三监和商人的所谓叛乱,继而,战争扩大化,扫荡原先商人的地盘东夷,灭掉诸国50多个。战后,周公擅自以元首身份重新分封了71个诸侯,其中53个为姬姓。周公把以“奄”为中心的地面,封给了自己,派儿子伯禽驻享。

奄,曾是商王旧地,大商情结浓郁,抵抗周公格外剧烈,最终失败,惨遭报复和惩罚,史书载曰:“周公践奄。”

“践”即“杀其身,执其家,潴其宫”。凶恶的姬旦把这个地方的男人统统阉割了,史称“奄国之割”,“奄国”变成了“阉国”。

参与反抗的大商“顽民”,前朝亡国奴,姬旦集中起来,押到偃师的临时劳改场,在额头上烙出火印,被迫从事奴隶劳作。

殷商顽民太多,得建立城池来关押和管理他们。于是周公在偃师商人劳改农场的基础上修建了“洛邑”。

姬旦回到镐京向周王姬诵述职后,姬诵嘉奖他东征有功,嘱咐他休养。可他闲不住,要实现先王遗愿,建设东都。

西周的统治势力经过东征东扩之后,镐京反而显得偏僻了,像是远悬边陲,长臂管辖中原广大地区显得力不从心,因此,西周统治者即决定在今天的洛阳西工区地方,建设新的东部统治中心:王城。

公元前1035年,周成王七年,姬诵朝拜祖庙后,命召公姬奭先行到洛阳考察,命周公姬旦三月份起去洛阳营造新的都城。

姬奭带领测绘局技术人员“卜涧水东,瀍水西,惟洛食;又卜瀍水东,亦惟洛食”,定下了位置,楔下了木桩。

阳春之日,姬旦带领人马到了洛水之阳,“周公朝至于洛,则达观于新邑营”,占卜、祭祀,“越三日,丁巳,用牲于郊,牛二”,祭祀了八九天,放线,开工。

面子工程和献礼工程,工期短,任务重,所有殷商顽民都派上用场了,运土、打夯,日夜不停。

三个月,三通一平;六个月,宫殿封顶,九个月,新都成。

周成王姬诵到洛阳出席竣工祭祀大典。姬旦汇报:“城方千七百二丈,郛方七七里,以为天下之大凑”,“设丘兆于南郊,建大社于园中”。

姬诵讲话、嘉奖后,举行庆祝晚会,主打歌舞《天保颂》:“天保定尔,亦孔之固。俾尔单厚。何福不除?降尔遐福,维日不足……”

洛水滔滔天保定,江山稳固又太平。给你待遇最宽厚,一切福分都赐尽。使你得益多又多,没有东西不丰盛……

兹后,洛阳和偃师这处权力中心被大周王朝使用了近五百年。

周考王姬嵬时期,诸侯相继强盛,天子权势弱化,王室分裂,出现了东周公国和西周公国两个机构,前者在洛邑,后者在王城。

两个弱小的公国,夹在强势诸侯之间,不能同心协力,反而彼此攻杀。

公元前256年,周赧王五十九年,西周国为秦国所灭,七年后,东周国亦为秦所灭。历时515年,计25王的东周王朝谢幕了。

东周时期俗谓两个阶段,一曰“春秋”,一曰“战国”,是华夏社会制度剧烈转变的时期,其标志为铁器的广泛使用。

后山:关中周人的“威风锣鼓”

后山:周人加速酝酿暴烈行动

发布于:河南省